Landscape with Standing Old Man, Two Nudes Behind

Author: Rosie Razzall

This drawing is one of four sheets in Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen by the artist known as Pseudo-Pacchia, who was active in Siena around 1530.^[1] This name was given to the artist by the art historian Philip Pouncey in the 1950s on the basis that his drawings bear some similarity to those of Girolamo Pacchia (c.1477-after 1533), as well as other Sienese artists such as Giovanni Antonio Sodoma (1477-1549) or, more loosely, Domenico Beccafumi (1484-1551).^[2] However, nothing else about the artist is known; only the dispersed survival of a number of sheets in several collections that all appear to be by the same hand, with many of them belonging to the same sketchbook. Sixteen of these sheets were sold in the H.S. Reitlinger sale in 1953.^[3] The Rotterdam sheets may also have come from the sketchbook, which would therefore have already been dismantled by the time the pages were bought by Franz Koenigs between 1920 and 1930.^[4] Other sheets probably from the same sketchbook include three pages in London,^[5] one in New York,^[6] one in Chicago,^[7] one in Brussels,^[8] one last seen in Pouncey’s collection,^[9] and at least seven on the art market.^[10] Many of them, like the Rotterdam sheets, are in poor condition and have suffered losses across the sheet or its edges. Several have page numbers written in the upper corner in pen and ink, the highest of which is 87.^[11] There are probably therefore many other pages from this sketchbook either lost or yet to come to light.

The subjects in the Pseudo-Pacchia drawing book are mainly figure and head studies in pen and ink, copies after classical and contemporary sculpture, warriors on horseback and fighting swordsmen, and some studies of ornaments.^[12] Given the repetition of several motifs and the filling of many pages with several unrelated studies, the sketchbook probably served as a place to make free studies and copies, to repeat ideas in new variations, and to make reference notes for future use. Three out of the four Rotterdam drawings have been drawn on both sides of the sheet. On the recto of this sheet is an old man standing in a landscape, pointing across his body with his right arm. He wears a long robe, soft leather shoes, and carries a book under his arm. To his left is a pair of male nudes, seemingly unrelated to the old man. A young man stands in a leaning contrapposto with his face seen in three-quarter profile, holding a flowering branch and the hand of the young boy next to him. At their feet are a rabbit and a frog. On the verso is a man on horseback in sixteenth-century dress facing to the right, pointing in front of him with his left arm. Riders also appear on I 503 and I 504, as well as on the verso of the drawing in New York.